DSM-IV: Tourette's Disorder
This Tic Disorder is diagnosed when BOTH motor AND vocal tics ("sudden, rapid, recurrent, non rhythmic, stereotyped motor movement orvocalization") are experienced persistently. (Named for Gilles de la Tourette)
Diagnostic criteria for 307.23 Tourette's Disorder
(Warning!)
These criteria are obsolete! Current criteria.
A. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics have been present at some time during the illness, although not necessarily concurrently. (A tic is a sudden, rapid, recurrent, non rhythmic, stereotyped motor movement or vocalization.)
B. The tics occur many times a day (usually in bouts) nearly every day or intermittently throughout a period of more than 1 year, and during this period there was never a tic-free period of more than 3 consecutive months.
C. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
D. The onset is before age 18 years.
E. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g. stimulants) or a general medical condition (e.g. Huntington's disease or postviral encephalitis).
Based on the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition APA
See also: Chronic Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
Research sources
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Abela, Marcelle Bartolo. Hypnotherapy for Tourette's Syndrome: Evidence for its Effectiveness, and Treatment Protocols for Use, in Familial and Non-Fa
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Anbar, RD, and Hall, HR. Childhood Habit Cough Treated with Self-Hypnosis. J Pediatr 2004:144:213-17.
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Azrin , NH , and Peterson , AL . Habit Reversal for the treatment of Tourette Syndrome. Behav. Res. Ther . Vol. 26, No. 4, pp 347-351, 1988.
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Babel , T.B., Warnke, P.C., and Ostertag, C.B. Immediate and long term outcome after infrathalamic and thalamic lesioning for intractable Tourette's s
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Barr, CL., and Sandor, P. Current Status of Genetic Studies of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome. Can J Psychiatry 1998; 43: 351-357.
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Bergin, Ann, Waranch, H. Richard, Brown, Janice, Carson, Kathryn, and Singer, Harvey S. Relaxation Therapy in Tourette Syndrome: A Pilot Study. Pediat
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Bruggeman, Richard, van der Linden, Chris, Buitelaar, Jan K., Gericke, George S., Hawkridge, Susan M., and Temlett, James A. Risperidone Versus Pimozi
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Canavan, AGM, and Powell, GE. The Efficacy of Several Treatments of Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome as assessed in a single case. Behav. Res. Ther. 1
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Carr, James E., and Bailey, Jon S. A Brief Behavior Therapy Protocol for Tourette Syndrome. J. Behav. Ther. and Exp. Psychiat. Vol.27, No. 1, 1996: 33
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Chappell, Phillip B., McSwiggan-Hardin, Maureen T., Scahill, Lawrence, Rubenstein, Michelle, Walker, David E., Cohen, Donald J., Leckman, James F. Vid
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Chappell, Phillip B., Riddle, Mark A., Scahill, Lawrence, Lynch, Kimberly A., Schultz, Robert, Arnsten, Amy, Leckman, James F., and Cohen, Donald J. G
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Coffey, Barbara J., Biederman, Joseph, Geller, Daniel A., Spencer, Thomas, Park, Kenneth S., Shapiro, Stephanie J., and Garfield, Stacey B. The Course
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Cohen, Konald J., and Leckman, James F. Tourette's Syndrome: Advances in Treatment and Research. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry , Vol. 23, No. 2, March, 1
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Culbertson, Frances M. A Four-Step Hypnotherapy Model for Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, Vol. 1, No. 4, Apri
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Dion, Yves, Annable, Lawrence, Sandor, Paul, Chouinaard, Guy. Risperidone in the Treatment of Tourette Syndrome: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Tr
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Erenberg, Gerald, Cruse, Robert P., and Rothner, A. David. The Natural History of Tourette Syndrome: A Follow-Up Study. Ann Neurol. 22:383-385, 1987.
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Evers, RAF and van de Wetering, BJM. A Treatment Model for Motor Tics Based on a Specific Tension-Reduction Technique. J. Behav. Ther. & Psychiat. 199
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Fahn, S., et al. Definitions and Classification of Tic Disorders. Arch Neurol . 1993: 50 : 1013-1016
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Finney, JW, Rapoff , MA , Hall, CL, Christophersen ER. Replication and Social Validation of Habit Reversal Treatment of Tics. Behavior Therapy, 14, 11
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Friedman, S. Case Study- Self-Control in the “Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome: Case Study with 18-month Follow-up.” Journal of Consultin
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Garvey, Marjorie A., Giedd, Jay, and Swedo, Susan E. PANDAS: The Search for Environmental Triggers of Pediatric Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Lessons fr
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Gilbert, D.L., Sethuraman, G., Sine, L., Peters, S., and Sallee, F.R. Tourette's syndrome improvement with pergolide in a randomized, double-blind, cr
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Goetz, Christopher G., Tanner, Caroline M., and Klawans, Harold L. Fluphenazine and Multifocal Tic Disorders. Arch Neurol 1984;41:271-272.
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Goetz, Christopher G., Tanner, Caroline M., Wilson, Robert S., Carroll, Susan, Como , Peter G., and Shannon, Kathleen M. Clonidine and Gilles de la To
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Gonce, M. and Barbeau. Seven Cases of Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome: Partial Relied with Clonazepam: A Pilot Study. The Canadian Journal of Neurolo
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Hutzel, RR; Platzek, D, Logue , PE . Control of Symptoms of Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome by Self-Monitoring. . Behav. Ther. And Exp. Psychiatr. Vo
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Jankovic, Joseph, Glaze, Daniel G., and Frost, James D., Jr. Effect of tetrabenazine on tics and sleep of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. Neurology
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Kaplan, EL, Anthony, BF, Ayoub, EM, Wannamaker, LW. A 2-year longitudinal study of streptococcal infections in an isolated community: antibody dynamic
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Kaplan, EL, Ferrieri, P., Wannamaker, LW., Comparison of the antibody response to streptococcal cellular and extracellular antigens in acute pharyngit
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Kaplan, EL, Gerber, MA: Group A, Group C, and Group B b-hemolytic streptococcal infections in Feigin, RD, Cherry, JD (editors) Textbook of Pediatric I
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Kaplan, EL. Rothermel, CD, Johnson, DR. Antistreptolysin O and anti-deoxyribonuclease B titers: Normal values for Children Ages 2 to 12 in the United
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Kohen, Daniel P., and Botts, Pamela, “Relaxation Imagery (Self-Hypnosis) in Tourette Syndrome: Experience with four Children,” Am J of Clin Hypnosis ,
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Kohen, Daniel P., Applications of Relaxation and Mental Imagery (Self-Hypnosis) for Habit Problems. Pediatric Annals 20:3 March, 1991: 136-144.
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Kohen, Daniel P., M.D., “Ericksonian Communication and Hypnotic strategies in the management of ties and Tourette Syndrome in Children and Adolescents
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Kohen, Daniel P., M.D., Coping with the stress of Tourette Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: the use of Self-Hypnosis Techniques Australian Journa
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Kurlan, R. Tourette's Syndrome: Current concepts. Neurology, December 1989: 1625-1630.
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Kurlan, Roger, and the Tourette's Syndrome Study Group. Treatment of ADHD in children with tics: A randomized controlled trial. Neurology 2002;58:527-
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Kurlan, Roger, Lichter, David, and Hewitt, David. Sensory tics in Tourette's syndrome. Neurology, May, 1989 Volume 39: 731-733.
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Kurlan, Roger, Majumdar, Lisa, Deeley, Cheryl, Musholkar, Govind S., Plumb, Sandra, and Como , Peter G. Z Controlled Trial of Propoxyphene and Naltrex
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Kurlan, Roger. New treatments for tics? Neurology 2001;56;580-581.
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Lazarus, JE. Commentary on “Tics and Problem Behaviors in Schoolchildren: Prevalence, Characterization, and Associations” in The Yearbook of Pediatric
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Leckman, J.F., et al. Pathogenesis of Tourette's Syndrome, J Child Psychol Psychiatry . 1997 Jan;38(1):119-42.
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Leckman, James F., Hardin, Maureen T., Riddle, Mark A., Stevenson, John, Ort, Sharon I., and Cohen, Donald J. Clonidine Treatment of Gilles de la Tour
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Linet, Leslie S. Tourette Syndrome, Pimozide, and School Phobia: The Neuroleptic Separation Anxiety Syndrome. AM J Psychiatry, 142(5), May, 1985: 613-
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Marras, Connie, Andrews, David, Sime, Elspeth, and Lang, Anthony E. Botulinum toxin for simple motor tics: A randomized, double-blind, controlled clin
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | McConville, B.J., Fogelson, M.H., Norman, A.B., Klykylo, W.M., Manderscheid, M.A., Parker, K.W., and Sanberg, P.R. (1991) Nicotine potentiation of hal
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | McConville, B.J., Sanberg, P.R., Fogelson, M.H., King, J., Circino, P., Parker, K.W., and Norman, A.B.(1992) The effects of nicotine plus haloperidol
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Micheli, F., Gatto, M., Lekhuniec, E., Mangone, C., Pardal, M. Fernandez, Pikielny, R., and Parera, I. Casas. Treatment of Tourette's Syndrome with Ca
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Mikkelsen, Edwin J., Detlor, Jill, and Cohen, Donald J. School Avoidance and Social Phobia Triggered by Haloperidol Patients with Tourette's Disorder.
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Mizrahi, Eli M., Holtzman, David, and Tharp, Barry. Haloperidol-induced Tardive Dyskinesia in a Child with Gilles de la Tourette's Disease. Arch Neuro
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Muhler-Vahl, K.R., Kolbe, H., Schneider, U., and Emrich, H.M. Cannabis in Movement Disorders. Forsch Komplementarmed, 6(suppl 3), 1999: 23-27.
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Perlmutter, SJ, Leitman, SF, Garvey , MA , Hamburger,S, et al. Therapeutic plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin for obsessive-compulsive dis
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Peterson, Alan L. and Azrin, Nathan H. An Evaluation of Behavioral Treatments for Tourette Syndrome. Behav. Res. Ther. Vol. 30, No. 2 , 1992: 167-174.
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Peterson, Alan L. and Azrin, Nathan H. Behavioral and Pharmacological Treatments for Tourette Syndrome: A Review. Applied & Preventive Psychology 2:23
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Robertson MM, Tourette Syndrome, associated conditions and the complexities of treatment. Brain 2000: 123: 425-462.
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Robertson, Mary M., Schnieden, Vivienne, and Lees, A.J. Management of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome Using Sulpiride. Clinical Neuropharmacology 1990;
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Sallee, Floyd R., Nesbitt, Lori, Jackson , Cherry, Since, Lauren, and Sethuraman, Gopalan. Relative Efficacy of Haloperidol and Pimozide in Children a
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Sanberg, Paul R., Silver, Archie A. , Shytle, R. Doug, Philipp, Mary Katherine, Cahill, David W., Fogelson, Harold M., and McConville, Brian J. Nicoti
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Sanberg, Paul R., Silver, Archie A., Shytle, R. Doug, et al. Nicotine for the Treatment of Tourette's Syndrome. Pharmacol. Ther. Vol.74, No. 1, pp. 21
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Scahill, Larry, Chappell, Phillip B., Kim, Young S., Schultz, Robert T.,Katsovich, Lily, Shepherd, Elizabeth, Arnsten, Amy F.T., Cohen, Donald J., and
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Scahill, Lawrence, Erenberg, Gerald , Berlin , Chester M. Jr., Budman, Cathy, Cox, Barbara J., Jankovic, Joseph, Kiessling, Louise, King, Robert A., K
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Shapiro, Arthur K., Shapiro, Elaine, and Eisenkraft, Gail J. Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome with Pimozide. Am J Psychiatry 140:1183-1186,
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Shapiro, Elaine, Shapiro, Arthur K., Fulop, George, Hubbard, Michael, Mandeli, John, Norrdlie, Johanna, and Phillips, Robert A. Controlled study of Ha
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Silver, A.A., Shytle, R.D., Philipp, M.K., and Sanberg, P.R. (1995) Transdermal nicotine in Tourette's syndrome. In: The Effects of Nicotine on Biolog
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Silver, Archie A. Shytle, Douglas, Philipp, Mary Katherine, Wilkinson, Berney J., McConville, Brian, and Asnberg, Paul R. Transdermal Nicotine and Hal
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Silver, Archie A., Shytle, Douglas, Sheehan, Kathy H., Sheehan, David V., Ramos, Amaya, and Sanberg, Paul R. Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Contro
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Singer, Harvey S., Brown, Janice, Quaskey, Shirley, Rosenberg, Leon A., Mellits, E. David, and Denckla, Martha B. The Treatment of Attention-Deficit H
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Singer, Harvey S., Wendlandt, John, Krieger, Madeline, and Giuliano, Joseph. Baclofen treatment in Tourette syndrome: A double-blind, placebo-controll
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Snider, Lisa A., Seligman, Laura D., Ketchen, Bethany R., Levitt, Sara J., Bates, Lauren R., Garvey, Marjorie A., and Swedo, Susan E. Tics and Problem
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | State, Matthew W., Pauls, David L., and Leckman, James F. Tourette's Syndrome and Related Disorders. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Stephens, BK., Barkey , ME. , and Hall, H. Techniques to comfort children during stressful procedures. Advances in Mind-Body Medicine , 1999. 15: 49-6
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Tansey, Michael A. A simple and a Complex Tic (Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome): Their Response to EEG Sensorimotor Rhythm Biofeedback Training. Inte
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Wu, Lianzhong, Huimin, Li, and Ling, Kang. 156 Cases of Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome Treated by Acupuncture. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medici
|
| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
|
| Reference | Young, Martin H., and Montano, Robert J. A New Hypnobehavioral Method for the Treatment of Children with Tourette's Disorder. American Journal of Clin
|
The online Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders lists most of the major psychological disorders and illnesses and lists the criteria that must be fulfilled in order for a diagnosis to be made. This resource is not a substitute for proper professional psychiatric diagnosis.
