Psychotherapy High Wycombe Psychotherapy High Wycombe - Last updated 20 April 2024

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DSM-IV: Agoraphobia

Avoidance or anxiety related to open spaces or any place outside of one's home or a safe zone characterize this Anxiety Disorder related to Panic Disorder.

Criteria for Agoraphobia

Note: Agoraphobia is not a codable disorder. Code the specific disorder in which the Agoraphobia occurs (e.g. 300.21 Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia or 300.22 Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder).

A. Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult (or embarrassing) or in which help may not be available in the event of having an unexpected or situationally predisposed Panic Attack or panic-like symptoms. Agoraphobic fears typically involve characteristic clusters of situations that include being outside the home alone; being in a crowd or standing in a line; being on a bridge; and traveling in a bus, train, or automobile.Note: Consider the diagnosis of Specific Phobia if the avoidance is limited to one or only a few specific situations, or Social Phobia if the avoidance is limited to social situations.

B. The situations are avoided (e.g. travel is restricted) or else are endured with marked distress or with anxiety about having a Panic Attack or panic-like symptoms, or require the presence of a companion.

C. The anxiety or phobic avoidance is not better accounted for by another mental disorder, such as Social Phobia (e.g. avoidance limited to social situations because of fear of embarrassment), Specific Phobia (e.g. avoidance limited to a single situation like elevators), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (e.g. avoidance of dirt in someone with an obsession about contamination), Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (e.g. avoidance of stimuli associated with a severe stressor), or Separation Anxiety Disorder (e.g. avoidance of leaving home or relatives).

Based on the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition APA

Also: phobia

Research sources