Acute Stress Disorder
When an individual who has been exposed to a traumatic event develops anxiety symptoms, re-experiencing of the event, and avoidance of stimuli related to the event lasting less than four weeks they may be suffering from this Anxiety Disorder.
Diagnostic criteria for 308.3 Acute Stress Disorder
(Warning!)A. The person has been exposed to a traumatic event in which both of the following were present:
(1) the person experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others
(2) the person's response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror
B. Either while experiencing or after experiencing the distressing event, the individual has three (or more) of the following dissociative symptoms:
(1) a subjective sense of numbing, detachment, or absence of emotional responsiveness
(2) a reduction in awareness of his or her surroundings (e.g. "being in a daze")
(3) derealization
(4) depersonalization
(5) dissociative amnesia (i.e., inability to recall an important aspect of the trauma)
C. The traumatic event is persistently reexperienced in at least one of the following ways: recurrent images, thoughts, dreams, illusions, flashback episodes, or a sense of reliving the experience; or distress on exposure to reminders of the traumatic event.
D. Marked avoidance of stimuli that arouse recollections of the trauma (e.g. thoughts, feelings, conversations, activities, places, people).
E. Marked symptoms of anxiety or increased arousal (e.g. difficulty sleeping, irritability, poor concentration, hypervigilance, exaggerated startle response, motor restlessness).
F. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning or impairs the individual's ability to pursue some necessary task, such as obtaining necessary assistance or mobilizing personal resources by telling family members about the traumatic experience.
G. The disturbance lasts for a minimum of 2 days and a maximum of 4 weeks and occurs within 4 weeks of the traumatic event.
H. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g. a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition, is not better accounted for by Brief Psychotic Disorder, and is not merely an exacerbation of a preexisting Axis I or Axis II disorder.
Based on the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition APA
Also: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Research sources
| Topic | ASSERTIVENESS TRAINING
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| Reference | Charlesworth, E.A. Stress Management. Souvenir Press, 1997
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| Topic | BEHAVIOUR THERAPY / PROLONGED EXPOSURE THERAPY FOR PTSD
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| Reference | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Paula P. Schnurr, Matthew J. Friedman, Charles
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| Topic | BEHAVIOUR THERAPY / PROLONGED EXPOSURE THERAPY FOR PTSD
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| Reference | Current clinical trials of prolonged exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder ClinicalTrials.gov
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| Topic | BEHAVIOUR THERAPY / PROLONGED EXPOSURE THERAPY FOR PTSD
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| Reference | Prolonged Exposure Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorders SAMHSA Model Programs.
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| Topic | CBT / COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
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| Reference | "Group Therapy". Stress and Anxiety Services of New Jersey. Retrieved on 2006-06-25.
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| Topic | COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL HYPNOTHERAPY
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| Reference | Adding hypnosis to cognitive behavioural therapy may reduce some acute stress disorder symptoms Bryant RA, Moulds ML, Guthrie RM, et al. The additive
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| Topic | COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL HYPNOTHERAPY
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| Reference | Ellis, A., Gordon, J., Neenan, M., & Palmer, S. (1997). Stress counseling: A rational emotive behavior approach. London: Cassell.
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| Topic | COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL HYPNOTHERAPY
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| Reference | Hypnotherapy and cognitive behaviour therapy of acute stress disorder: A 3-year follow-up Richard A. Bryant, Michelle L. Moulds, Reginald D.V. Nixon,
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| Topic | COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL HYPNOTHERAPY
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| Reference | The Additive Benefit of Hypnosis and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Treating Acute Stress Disorder Bryant, Richard A.; Moulds, Michelle L.; Guthrie,
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| Topic | EGO STATE THERAPY
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| Reference | Phillips, M. (1993). The use of ego-state therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 35, 241-24
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| Topic | HYPNOSIS MISC
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| Reference | McAmmond, D. M., Davidson, P. O., & Kovitz, D. M. (1971). A comparison of the effects of hypnosis and relaxation training on stress resctions in a den
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| Topic | HYPNOSIS MISC
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| Reference | Miller, M. E., & Bowers, K. W. (1986). Hypnotic analgesia and stress inoculation in the reduction of pain. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 6-14.
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| Topic | HYPNOSIS TRIALS 1976 - 1998
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| Reference | Crowther JH. Stress management training and relaxation imagery in the treatment of essential hypertension. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1983;6(2):16
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| Topic | HYPNOSIS TRIALS 1976 - 1998
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| Reference | Faymonville ME. Mambourg PH. Joris J. Vrijens B. Fissette J. Albert A. Lamy M. Psychological approaches during conscious sedation. Hypnosis versus str
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| Topic | HYPNOSIS TRIALS 1976 - 1998
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| Reference | Johnson VC, Walker LG, Heys SD, Whiting PH, Eremin O Can relaxation training and hypnotherapy modify the immune response to stress, and is hypnotizabi
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| Topic | HYPNOSIS TRIALS 1976 - 1998
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| Reference | Katz ER. Kellerman J. Ellenberg L. Hypnosis in the reduction of acute pain and distress in children with cancer. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 1987;
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| Topic | HYPNOSIS TRIALS 1976 - 1998
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| Reference | Kuttner L. Bowman M. Teasdale M. Psychological treatment of distress, pain, and anxiety for young children with cancer. Journal of Developmental & Beh
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| Topic | HYPNOSIS TRIALS 1976 - 1998
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| Reference | Miller ME. Bowers KS. Hypnotic analgesia and stress inoculation in the reduction of pain. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1986;95(1):6-14 The influence
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| Topic | HYPNOSIS TRIALS 1976 - 1998
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| Reference | Puente AE. Beiman I. The effects of behavior therapy, self- relaxation, and transcendental meditation on cardiovascular stress response. Journal of Cl
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| Topic | HYPNOSIS TRIALS 1976 - 1998
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| Reference | Stanton HE. Hypnosis and rational-emotive therapy--a de-stressing combination: a brief communication. International Journal of Clinical & Experimental
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| Topic | HYPNOSIS TRIALS 1976 - 1998
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| Reference | Stern GS. Miller CR. Ewy HW. Grant PS. Perceived control: bogus pulse rate feedback and reported symptom reduction for individuals with accumulated st
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| Topic | HYPNOSIS TRIALS 1976 - 1998
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| Reference | Taylor DN. Effects of a behavioral stress-management program on anxiety, mood, self-esteem, and T-cell count in HIV positive men. Psychological Report
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| Topic | HYPNOSIS TRIALS 1976 - 1998
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| Reference | Turtz JS The effects of stress management training on stress level, death anxiety for persons with type II diabetes mellitus Dissertation Abstracts In
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| Topic | HYPNOSIS TRIALS 1976 - 1998
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| Reference | Wall VJ. Womack W. Hypnotic versus active cognitive strategies for alleviation of procedural distress in pediatric oncology patients. American Journal
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| Topic | HYPNOSIS TRIALS 1976 - 1998
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| Reference | Zeltzer LK. Dolgin MJ. LeBaron S. LeBaron C. A randomized, controlled study of behavioral intervention for chemotherapy distress in children with canc
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| Topic | HYPNOTHERAPY BACKGROUND READING
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| Reference | Mandler, G., 1984, Mind and Body: Psychology of Emotion and Stress,N.Y.:Norton.
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| Topic | HYPNOTHERAPY MISC
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| Reference | Bowers KS, Kelly . Stress, disease, psychotherapy and hypnosis. J Abnormal Psychology 1979; 85: 490-505. (PubMed)
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| Topic | HYPNOTHERAPY MISC
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| Reference | Kabat-Zinn J. Full Catastrophe Living: Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind To Face Stress, Pain and Illness. New York: Delta Books, 1990.
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| Topic | HYPNOTHERAPY MISC
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| Reference | Miller, M.E. & Bowers, K.S. (1986). "Hypnotic Analgesia and Stress Inoculation in the Reduction of Pain." Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 6-14.
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| Topic | HYPNOTHERAPY MISC
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| Reference | Nolan, P.P. & Spanos, N.P. (1987). "Hypnotic Analgesia and Stress Inoculation: A Critical Reexamination of Miller and Bowers." Psychological Reports,
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| Topic | HYPNOTHERAPY MISC
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| Reference | Nolan, R.P. & Spanos, N.P. (1987). "Hypnotic Analgesia and Stress Inoculation: A Critical Reexamination of Miller and Bowers." Psychological Reports,
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| Topic | HYPNOTHERAPY RESEARCH MISC
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| Reference | Anton PA. Stress and mind-body impact on the course of inflammatory bowel diseases. Semin Gastrointest Dis. 1999;10:14-19.
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| Topic | HYPNOTHERAPY RESEARCH MISC
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| Reference | Fear, stress, anxiety and depression, (Kirsch I, Motgomery G, Sapirstein G.
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| Topic | HYPNOTHERAPY RESEARCH MISC
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| Reference | Raskin R, Raps C, Luskin F, Carlson R, Cristal R. Pilot study of the effect of self-hypnosis on the medical management of essential hypertension. Stre
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| Topic | IBS
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| Reference | Whorwell PJ. () Hypnotherapy in the irritable bowel syndrome.: Stress Medicine 1987;3(1):5-7.
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| Topic | PAIN AND CHILDREN
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| Reference | Butler , LD, Symons, BK, Henderson, SL, Shortliffe, LD, and Speigel, D. Hypnosis Reduces Distress and Duration of an Invasive Medical Procedure for Ch
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| Topic | REBT
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| Reference | Ellis A, Gordon J, Neenan M and Palmer S (1997) Stress Counselling: a Rational Emotive Behavior Approach Cassell
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| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
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| Reference | Kohen, Daniel P., M.D., Coping with the stress of Tourette Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: the use of Self-Hypnosis Techniques Australian Journa
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| Topic | TICS AND TOURETTE SYNDROME
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| Reference | Stephens, BK., Barkey , ME. , and Hall, H. Techniques to comfort children during stressful procedures. Advances in Mind-Body Medicine , 1999. 15: 49-6
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The online Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders lists most of the major psychological disorders and illnesses and lists the criteria that must be fulfilled in order for a diagnosis to be made. This resource is not a substitute for proper professional psychiatric diagnosis.
