The brain adapts to use of alcohol and some other drugs in such a way that symptoms may result when the substance is reduced or discontinued, leading to diagnosis of this Substance-Related Disorder. This varies in dangerousness from no detectable symptoms to extreme discomfort associated with opioid withdrawal to sometimes life threatening alcohol Withdrawal Delirium.
Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition. Washington, DC, APA, 1994
Associated with these drugs: alcohol, amphetamine-like, cocaine, inhalants, nicotine, opioids, sedatives, hypnotics
Research sources
Topic | HYPNOSIS MISC
|
Reference | Zachariae, R., Andersen, O. K., Bjerring, P., Jorgensen, M. M. (1998). Effects of an opioid antagonist on pain intensity and withdrawal reflexes durin
|
Topic | HYPNOSIS TRIALS 1976 - 1998
|
Reference | Pederson LL, Schrimgeour WG, Lefcoe NM Incorporation of rapid smoking in a community service smoking withdrawal program International Journal of the A
|
Topic | HYPNOSIS TRIALS 1976 - 1998
|
Reference | Pederson LL. Scrimgeour WG. Lefcoe NM. Comparison of hypnosis plus counseling, counseling alone, and hypnosis alone in a community service smoking wit
|
Topic | HYPNOSIS TRIALS 1976 - 1998
|
Reference | Pederson LL. Scrimgeour WG. Lefcoe NM. Variables of hypnosis which are related to success in a smoking withdrawal program. International Journal of Cl
|
Topic | SMOKING
|
Reference | Gmur M, Tschopp A () Factors determining the success of nicotine withdrawal: 12-year follow-up of 532 smokers after suggestion therapy (by a faith hea
|
Topic | SMOKING
|
Reference | Pederson LL, Schrimgeour WG, Lefcoe NM () Incorporation of rapid smoking in a community service smoking withdrawal program: International Journal of t
|
The online Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders lists most of the major psychological disorders and illnesses and lists the criteria that must be fulfilled in order for a diagnosis to be made. This resource is not a substitute for proper professional psychiatric diagnosis.